Historians like to compare the Lewis and Clark, 1804-1806 to land expedition to the west to today's first astronauts on the moon. The difficulties of the two services are similar in proportion. But collecting the 30-tons of supplies and the corps-sponsored Discovery Expedition 28 months of perilous journey to the Pacific Ocean and back to success, it helped immensely. In particular, the pre-planned gifts contributed to the Indian tribes the Corps to treat and honor sRoute. Moreover, the provisions helped for the survival, defense, navigation, trade, entertainment, medicine, and the documentation, which are summarized below, they succeed.
Boats. A 55-ft keelboat (hold shallow-draft cargo-type) with a 12-ton and 32-m mast with square sails and 35 oars / pushrods, two pirogues (flat-bottomed boat with oars and a small mast shape and square sail): a 41-ft red and white a 39-m, a 36 x 4.5-m folding metal frame boat to be assembled andcovered with fur later in the trip. As the keelboat was too large for much of the upper Missouri and other remote rivers, it was to St. Louis with the actual artifacts and written reports back in the early spring of 1805th It was occupied by a small crew. The metal frame boat was never used for the lack of a natural waterproofing pitch pine. It was abandoned in a submerged cache near Great Falls, Montana. The corps used canoesinstead.
Animals. Two horses (for riding in the country, and for helping pull the keelboat upstream), a large Newfoundland Retriever (Lewis's personal dog named, Seaman, who supports the efforts by retrieving game and the guarding of the Camps at night).
Scientific / navigation instruments. Surveyor's compass, compasses, hand telescopes, quadrants, sextants, thermometers, Level, Chronometer, magnet, microscope, lines, reels, parallel glass (for reading theHorizon), oiled pockets for storage of tools and utensils for the storage of collected plant and animal species and Native American artifacts.
Camping accessories. Oiled screens, waterproofing oil, nine tents, lanterns, make 30 steel fire, flint, flour, spoon, glasses, water bottles, fishing gear, drawing, knives, sharpening stones, soap, cooking equipment / utensils (Brass metal kettle / pots / pans, cutlery), linen gear, mosquito nets, rope / cable / string,heavy needles / thread, hook hanging banners) Barrel (large barrels, crates, barrels, oil storage meets bags, lamps / lanterns, candle wick / wax, candles, a box of friction, and a crew member a personal violin (unofficially for bonfire songs and entertainment).
Gifts for the tribes (21 bales). Pocket mirrors, sewing needles with cases, awls, knitting needles, small scissors, thread, thimbles, ribbons, buttons, scissors, ivory / iron combs,Burning / magnifying glasses, bells, Chiefs bundles (with high quality products), medallions, brooches, rings, handkerchiefs, cotton shirts, colorful textiles / fabric, rings, brass wire, rolls / twists of tobacco, axes, tomahawks, pipes, knives, brass boiler , mills, brass bands, gear, powdered Vermilion face paint, earrings, bracelets, 33-lb colored glass beads, American flags, and especially peace medals / certificates. The corps also be traded with other elements of the tribes,including their own personal equipment and, rarely, weapons and ammunition.
Tools (all kinds). Pliers, chisels, hand saws, buck saws, two-man lumberjack saws, hatchets, axes, scrapers, scissors, planes, cutting tools, drills, hand drills, grinding stones, hammers, nails, plazas, chain, Files / rasps, anvil and bellows smithy with accompanying blacksmithing tools, level, tape measure, set English wood, gold scales, weights, iron, fat / oil, iron corn mill. During their journey,Corps built two forts, stockades for the winter camps: 1) Fort Mandan, North Dakota, 1804, and 2), Fort Clatsop, Oregon coast, 1805. They also build cars for the transportation of their goods to waterfalls and rapids, and they made several Shelter / burnt out canoes for navigation in the rivers and streams.
Food: Forty days menu (on board) .1200-lb parchmeal, 800-lb common meal, 1600-lb husked corn, 3,400 kg of flour, 560-lb biscuit mix, salt, 750-lb, 3700-lbBacon, 50-lb coffee, tea 2-kg, 100 kg of dried beans / peas, 112-kg sugar, 750-lb salt, 100-lb lard, 600-lb yellow grease 30-gal wine, 120 – gal whiskey (in order to reach the "point of no return), 193-lb portable soup mix (boiled-down paste of meat, eggs and vegetables). The portable soup was only as a last resort if no other food was available to eat .
Get on the road. Fruits (apples, cherries, raspberries, plums, grapes, currants, papaya), vegetables (squash,Vegetables, melons, leeks / onions, artichokes, licorice, roots, vegetables, wappatos, white apples), meat (hundreds of fish / salmon, deer, elk, buffalo, antelope, wild sheep, bears, beavers, otters, ducks / geese / brant, coot / plover, partridge, pheasant, turkey, squirrel, rabbit, wolf, dog, and foal / horse), and traded for bear fat. It is estimated the Corps took about 2000 birds and land animals for their meat and skins, which only a very small amount was compared to the large flocksthen.
Extra clothing. Flannel / linen shirts, coats, dresses, shoes, boots, woolen trousers and overalls, blankets, backpacks, socks and a couple of uniforms. Later on the trip, the team made their own moccasins and buckskin clothing wore when out of their own, or have been traded by the natives.
Weapons / ammunition. Brass cannon (turning on the bow of the keelboat's installed), four blunderbusses (large shotguns: one mounted on each side of the keel boat, and one oneach dugout), 15 Model-1803 muzzle-loading gun, 0.54 caliber rifles with slings, four pistols, several swords, espontoons (pointed sticks used as spears / gun-breaks), 500 gun flints, parts for rifles, 420-lb sheet lead for bullets, 200-lb of gun and gunpowder in lead canisters, bags and powder horns, hunting bags / outdoor knife, a long-barreled air-rifle, and personal knives, guns and firearms of the crew, including LewisDueling pistols. The rifle was primarily used for show and demonstration among the tribes, not for hunting small game.
Held medical / health care. (In Walnut / Pine chest) 600 Dr. Rush pills (laxatives), lancets (surgical knife), tweezers (forceps), syringes, tourniquets, small dental medical instruments, bleeding leads, tin cans, glass tincture closed bottles, cans of Physics 1300 (laxative), 1100 doses of emetic (vomiting), 3500 cansdiaphoretic (sweat inducer), other drugs, such as, laudanum (a tincture of opium), mercury, nitrate salts, barks powder / herbs, ointments and other salts for blisters, boils, pain / pain, wounds, sunburn, worms and for increased saliva and urine output.
Books. Botany, history, mineralogy, nautical astronomy, science, calendar, large dictionary, Linnaeus classification of plants, required tables for the longitude / latitude, and an early map of the MissouriRiver.
Writing / drawing implement. Pencils, pens, ink is powered, brass, ink, colored pencils, drafting / plotting tools, with leather writing journals, writing / map paper, draft / receipt booklets, oilskin to records in pockets Candles Shop for writing to night, and sealing wax.
This large amount of stocks drive the Corps all the way to the Pacific Ocean by a series of difficulties, but also with a high success rate. However, while the winterthere, near the mouth of the Columbia River, their supplies and trade goods had fallen sharply. Part of them were 1) the way, consumes 2) rear left in caches for the return trip, if not spoiled, or 3) trade-off with the Indian tribes. In particular, they ran out of colored beads, which are often valued by the native tribes. So they sold the buttons made of metal rather than their remaining uniforms and apparel. Furthermore, began their own salt from seawater. In short, said the provisions ontheir return would be much more sparse than what they went with one of their outbound.
Because of this situation was a precarious one, the Corps rationed their goods on the way home. They probably have avoided certain tribes, they felt obligated, as well. Then, after arriving back in the North Dakota plains, where winter was their former stronghold, she let up and parted with one of their interpreters and his wife, Sacagawea. Furthermore, cash settlement, gave them the Corpsits no longer needed blacksmithing course. Shortly thereafter, she gave the brass cannon from the keel-boat, which had been stored in the cache to a tribal leader in the area, in hopes of him returning to the States in order to lure with them. He turned the invitation down. But they found a chef who would accompany the corps with his family back to St. Louis and the states.
Needless to say, except for animals collected their furs and skins, the Corps came home much less care than ifThey left on 28-months earlier. But the west coast winter camps and their repatriation would have gone home a lot better if they were able to replenish its tradable goods while near the ocean and the Columbia River, possibly from a foreign merchant ship. Trade ships landed there before. The coastal tribes were also equipped with metal pots and pans, early model guns, and sailors clothing. A government bill signed by Lewis would have paid for these goods. But only a few vesselsif anything, seemed to come this way during the winter.
Thanks To : weber grill articulated dump truck adrian flux insurance wall protection